西瓜皮儿

UIKit

2025/4/29

# 快捷查找

  • UI控制器，从左到右分别是：文件，历史，帮助文档，属性控制，布局控制，动作控制
  • 找到UI对应的控制器：command + option + control + enter
  • 找到UI对应的控制器：选中UI - UIController - 右上角三横 - assistant
  • 是否支持横屏：General - Deployment Info - iPad orientation - Landscape
  • 默认启动控制器：主storyboard界面的箭头指向哪个控制器就默认启动哪个控制器
  • 重复相似按钮创建：多选 - option + 拖动

# 键盘

  • 展示键盘：选中模拟器 - I/O - show keyboard
  • 展示键盘快捷键：command + k
  • 选中数字输入框 - 设置属性 - keyboard type
  • 数字输入：number pad
  • 数字带小数点：decimal pad
  • 关闭键盘
    • 方法1：_textField.resignFirstResponder
    • 方法2：_textField.endEditing
      - (IBAction)calc:(id)sender {
    NSInteger ansVal = [_input1.text intValue] + [_input2.text intValue];
    _ans.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", ansVal];
    // 关闭键盘1
    // [_input1 resignFirstResponder];
    // [_input2 resignFirstResponder];

    // 关闭键盘2
    [self.view endEditing:YES];
}
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# UILabel

  • 显示文本：text

# UITextField

  • 获取/设置值：text
    - (IBAction)calc:(id)sender {
    NSInteger ansVal = [_input1.text intValue] + [_input2.text intValue];
    _ans.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", ansVal];
    [_input1 resignFirstResponder];
    [_input2 resignFirstResponder];
}
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  • 获取焦点：becomeFirstResponder
  • 关闭聚焦：resignFirstResponder
  • 关闭聚焦：[self.view endEditing: YES]
  • 密码控制：UI控制器属性控制 - secureTextEntry
  • 设置clearButton: clear button
  • 设置按钮不可交互（没有交互效果）:属性设置user interaction enabled - NO

# UIButton

  • 设置背景图片
    • style选default
    • 背景图片：background
  • 关闭点击高亮：type选custom
  • 代码设置背景图
    UIImage *img1 = [UIImage imageNamed:@"icon1"];
UIImage *img2 = [UIImage imageNamed:@"icon2"];

UIButton *b1 = [UIButton new];
b1.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 50, 50);
b1.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
[b1 setTitle:@"+" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[b1 setBackgroundImage:img1 forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[b1 setBackgroundImage:img2 forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
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  • 代码】按钮设置文字颜色
    UIImage *img1 = [UIImage imageNamed:@"icon1"];
UIImage *img2 = [UIImage imageNamed:@"icon2"];

UIButton *b1 = [UIButton new];
b1.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 50, 50);
b1.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
[b1 setTitle:@"+" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[b1 setBackgroundImage:img1 forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[b1 setBackgroundImage:img2 forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
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  • 代码】设置事件
    [b1 addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonClicked) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
- (void) buttonClicked {
    NSLog(@"button clicked");
}
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  • 设置按钮点击没有变颜色(关闭交互效果)：interaction enabled - NO

# 动画

  • 放大缩小
    [UIView animateWithDuration:0.5
                animations:^{
                  self.imgBtn.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(
                      self.imgBtn.transform, 0.9, 0.9);
                }];


//    放大
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.5
                animations:^{
                  self.imgBtn.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(
                      self.imgBtn.transform, 1.1, 1.1);
                }];
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  • 左右移动
    //    向左移动
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.5
                  animations:^{
                    self.imgBtn.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(
                        self.imgBtn.transform, -10, 0);
                  }];
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  • 旋转【M_PI_4】180度的1/4
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{
    self->_btn1.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(self->_btn1.transform, M_PI_4);
}];
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  • 延迟执行动画delay
[UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 delay:1 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseInOut animations:^{
    self->_btn1.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(self->_btn1.transform, M_PI_4);
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
    NSLog(@"动画完成");
}];
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# frame控制

  • 注意：修改frame属性时，避免给元素添加布局约束
  • frame: 元素大小和位置
  • bounds: 元素大小
  • center: 元素位置
  • transform: 元素旋转/缩放/翻转/镜像
  • 上下移动【注：不能直接赋值，需要取出来再赋值】
    // 上
CGRect frame = self.imgBtn.frame;
frame.origin.y -= 10;
self.imgBtn.frame = frame;
// 下
CGRect frame = self.imgBtn.frame;
frame.origin.y += 10;
self.imgBtn.frame = frame;
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  • 放大缩小
    CGRect frame = self.imgBtn.frame;
frame.origin.x -= 5;
frame.origin.y -= 5;
frame.size.width += 10;
frame.size.height += 10;
self.imgBtn.frame = frame;
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# UIImage

  • 获取图片
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"image.png"];
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# UIColor

  • 获取颜色:[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:0.0 alpha:1.0]
  • 基础颜色：[UIColor redColor]

# 技巧-tag

  • 这么做很难调试，尽量少用
  • 获取tag对应的元素：(UITextField *)[self.view viewWithTag:tag]

# UIView

  • 获取子元素：[self.view viewWithTag:tag]
  • 添加子元素：addSubview
  • 移除元素：removeFromSuperview

# NSBundle

  • 获取软件根路径：[NSBundle mainBundle]
  • 获取资源路径：NSString *path = [NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"pic.plist" ofType:nil]
  • 获取资源：NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]

# 设置border

self.imgBtn.layer.borderWidth = 1;
self.imgBtn.layer.borderColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
self.imgBtn.layer.cornerRadius = 5;
// 圆角以外的部分裁剪掉
self.imgBtn.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
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# 改变状态栏

  • 在ViewController中设置
  • 改颜色
- (UIStatusBarStyle)preferredStatusBarStyle {
    return UIStatusBarStyleLightContent;
}
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  • 隐藏状态栏
- (BOOL)prefersStatusBarHidden {
    return YES;
}
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# 把元素设置到最上方

  • 代码设置，类似前端的z-index
[self.view bringSubviewToFront:self.imgBtn];
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# 删除元素

  • 根据父元素清空父元素
    [self.view.subviews makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(removeFromSuperview)];
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  • 根据被删除的元素移出页面
    [self.imgBtn removeFromSuperview];
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上次更新: 6/13/2025

Storyboard